Andreas Oberhauser
Global Rail Consulting

The presentation will deal with the challenges regarding ballast management and the theoretical background of calculating the deflection of the rail in ballasted track. The Zimmermann equation, which is the basis for calculation of track behaviour, and the function of all parameters within the equation is explained. The tamping operation specifically affects the bedding modulus within the Zimmermann equation.

Recent developments in the tamping process allow a deeper understanding of the ballast behaviour and the movement of the ballast below the sleeper. The tamping process is explained from its basics up to the recent developments in tamping technology.

Recent developments in the tamping process allow a deeper understanding of the ballast behaviour and the movement of the ballast below the sleeper. The tamping process is explained from its basics up to the recent developments in tamping technology.

Typical ballast maintenance operations as well as ballast lifetimes and ballast degradation mechanisms are explained.